Quash Order

Ans:  Article 249, the Parliament can make laws on items in the State List if the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution by 2/3rd majority of its members present and voting that it is necessary for the Parliament to make laws on any item enumerated in the State List, in the national interest.

Ans:  The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy was borrowed from the  Irish Constitution . The makers of the Constitution of India were influenced by the Irish nationalist movement, particularly the Irish Home Rule Movement.

Ans: Article 248 in The Constitution Of India 1949 248. Residuary powers of legislation (1) Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List (2) Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists. 

Ans: A residuary power is a power retained by a governmental authority after certain powers have been delegated to other authorities. Residuary Powers are special powers entrusted by the Constitution, to the Union Government.

Ans:  Section 2(b) : charge” includes any head of charge when the charge contains more heads than one. Section 2(d): complaint” means any allegation made orally or in writing to a Magistrate, with a view to his taking action under this Code, that some person, whether known or unknown, has committed an offence, but does not include a police report. 

Ans:  Difference between inquiry and investigation:  “inquiry” means every inquiry, other than a trial, conducted under this Code by a Magistrate or Court.  Investigation usually aims to find evidence and establish facts about an incident or crime. An inquiry, on the other hand, serves to clarify or seek answers to specific questions or doubts . Section 2(g): Inquiry  Section 2(h): Investigation  For cognizable offence: Police officer can do investigation without Magistrate's permission.  For non cognizable offence: Police officer can not do investigation without magistrate permission.   For inquiry , judicial magistrate can also order police officer for investigation.